Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0--18 Years --- United States, 2008
An erratum has been published for this article. The erratum is located at the bottom of this article.
The recommended immunization schedules for persons aged 0--18 years and the catch-up immunization schedule for 2008 have been approved by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians. The standard MMWR footnote format has been modified for publication of this schedule.
Suggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended immunization schedules for persons aged 0--18 years---United States, 2008. MMWR 2007;56(51&52):Q1--Q4.
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) annually publishes a recommended immunization schedule for persons aged 0--18 years to reflect changes in vaccine formulations and current recommendations for the use of licensed vaccines. Changes to the previous schedule (1) are as follows:
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) footnote reflects updated recommendations for incompletely vaccinated children aged 24--59 months, including those with underlying medical conditions (2).
Recommendations for use of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) now include healthy children aged as young as 2 years. LAIV should not be administered to children aged less than 5 years> 3). Children aged less than 9>4).
For meningococcal vaccines, changes affect certain children aged 2--10 years (5). Vaccinating with meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) is preferred to meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4) for children at increased risk for meningococcal disease, including children who are traveling to or residents of countries in which the disease is hyperendemic or epidemic, children who have terminal complement component deficiencies, and children who have anatomic or functional asplenia. The catch-up schedule for youths aged 13--18 years has been updated. MPSV4 is an acceptable alternative for short-term (i.e., 3--5 years) protection against meningococcal disease for persons aged 2--18 years (6).
The tetanus and diphtheria toxoids/tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (Td/Tdap) catch-up schedule for persons aged 7--18 years who received their first dose before age 12 months now indicates that these youths should receive 4 doses, with at least 4 weeks (not 8 weeks) between doses 2 and 3.
The catch-up bars for hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine have been deleted on the routine schedule for persons aged 0--6 years (Figure 1). The figure title refers users to the catch-up schedule (Table) for patients who fall behind or start late with vaccinations.
The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act requires that health-care providers provide parents or patients with copies of Vaccine Information Statements before administering each dose of the vaccines listed in the schedule. Additional information is available from state health departments and from CDC at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/default.htm.
Detailed recommendations for using vaccines are available from package inserts, ACIP statements (available at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/acip-list.htm), and the 2006 Red Book (7). Guidance regarding the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System form is available at http://www.vaers.hhs.gov or by telephone, 800-822-7967skype_highlighting +18008227967 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +18008227967 end_of_the_skype_highlighting end_of_the_skype_highlighting" class="skype_pnh_highlighting_inactive_common"> 800-822-7967end_of_the_skype_highlighting.
CDC. Revised recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for the prevention of pneumococcal disease. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2007. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/acip/downloads/min_oct07.pdf
American Academy of Pediatrics. Active and passive immunization. In: Pickering LK, ed. 2006 red book: report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 27th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2006.
FIGURE 1. Recommended immunization schedule for persons aged 0--6 years --- United States, 2008 (for those who fall behind or start late, see the catch-up schedule [Table])
This schedule indicates the recommended ages for routine administration of currently licensed childhood vaccines, as of December 1, 2007, for children aged 0--6 years. Additional information is available at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/schedules. Any dose not administered at the recommended age should be administered at any subsequent visit, when indicated and feasible. Additional vaccines may be licensed and recommended during the year. Licensed combination vaccines may be used whenever any components of the combination are indicated and other components of the vaccine are not contraindicated and if approved by the Food and Drug Administration for that dose of the series. Providers should consult the respective Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices statement for detailed recommendations, including for high-risk conditions: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/acip-list.htm. Clinically significant adverse events that follow immunization should be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Guidance about how to obtain and complete a VAERS form is available at http://www.vaers.hhs.gov or by telephone, 800-822-7967.
1. Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB). (Minimum age: birth)
At birth:
Administer monovalent HepB to all newborns before hospital discharge.
If mother is hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive, administer HepB and 0.5 mL of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within 12 hours of birth.
If mother's HBsAg status is unknown, administer HepB within 12 hours of birth. Determine the HBsAg status as soon as possible and if HBsAg-positive, administer HBIG (no later than age 1 week).
If mother is HBsAg-negative, the birth dose should only be delayed, in rare cases, with health-care--provider's order and a copy of the mother's negative HBsAg laboratory report documented in the infant's medical record.
After the birth dose:
The HepB series should be completed with either monovalent HepB or a combination vaccine containing HepB. The second dose should be administered at age 1--2 months. The final dose should be administered no earlier than age 24 weeks. Infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers should be tested for HBsAg and antibody to HBsAg after completion of at least 3 doses of a licensed HepB series, at age 9--18 months (generally at the next well-child visit).
4-month dose:
It is permissible to administer 4 doses of HepB when combination vaccines are administered after the birth dose. If monovalent HepB is used for doses after the birth dose, a dose at age 4 months is not needed.
Administer the final dose in the series by age 32 weeks. Do not administer a dose later than age 32 weeks.
Data on safety and efficacy outside of these age ranges are insufficient.
3. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP). (Minimum age: 6 weeks)
The fourth dose of DTaP may be administered as early as age 12 months, provided 6 months have elapsed since the third dose.
Administer the final dose in the series at age 4--6 years.
4. Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (Hib). (Minimum age: 6 weeks)
If PRP-OMP (PedvaxHIB® or ComVax® [Merck]) is administered at ages 2 and 4 months, a dose at age 6 months is not required.
TriHiBit® (DTaP/Hib) combination products should not be used for primary immunization but can be used as boosters after any Hib vaccine in children aged >12 months.
5. Pneumococcal vaccine. (Minimum age: 6 weeks for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV]; 2 years for pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [PPV])
Administer 1 dose of PCV to all healthy children aged 24--59 months having any incomplete schedule.
Administer PPV to children aged >2 years with underlying medical conditions.
6. Influenza vaccine. (Minimum age: 6 months for trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine [TIV]; 2 years for live, attenuated influenza vaccine [LAIV])
Administer annually to children aged 6--59 months and to all eligible close contacts of children aged 0--59 months.
Administer annually to children aged >5 years with certain risk factors, to other persons (including household members) in close contact with persons in groups at higher risk, and to any child whose parents request vaccination.
For healthy persons (i.e., those who do not have underlying medical conditions that predispose them to influenza complications) aged 2--49 years, either LAIV or TIV may be used.
Children receiving TIV should receive 0.25 mL if aged 6--35 months or 0.5 mL if aged >3 years.
Administer 2 doses (separated by >4 weeks) to children aged less than 9>
Administer the second dose of MMR at age 4--6 years. MMR may be administered before age 4--6 years, provided >4 weeks have elapsed since the first dose.
8. Varicella vaccine.(Minimum age: 12 months)
Administer the second dose of varicella vaccine at age 4--6 years; may be administered >3 months after first dose.
Do not repeat second dose if administered >28 days after first dose.
9. Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA).(Minimum age: 12 months)
Administer to all children aged 1 year (i.e., aged 12--23 months). Administer the 2 doses in the series at least 6 months apart.
Children not fully vaccinated by age 2 years can be vaccinated at subsequent visits.
HepA is recommended for certain other groups of children, including in areas where vaccination programs target older children.
10. Meningococcal vaccine.(Minimum age: 2 years for meningococcal conjugate vaccine [MCV4] and for meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine [MPSV4])
Administer MCV4 to children aged 2--10 years with terminal complement deficiencies or anatomic or functional asplenia and certain other high-risk groups. MPSV4 also is acceptable.
Administer MCV4 to persons who received MPSV4 >3 years previously and remain at increased risk for meningococcal disease.
The Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0--18 Years are approved by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (http://www.cdc.gov/nip/acip), the American Academy of Pediatrics (http://www.aap.org), and the American Academy of Family Physicians (http://www.aafp.org).
FIGURE 2. Recommended immunization schedule for persons aged 7--18 years --- United States, 2008 (for those who fall behind or start late, see the schedule below and the catch-up schedule [Table])
This schedule indicates the recommended ages for routine administration of currently licensed childhood vaccines, as of December 1, 2007, for children aged 7--18 years. Additional information is available at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/schedules. Any dose not administered at the recommended age should be administered at any subsequent visit, when indicated and feasible. Additional vaccines may be licensed and recommended during the year. Licensed combination vaccines may be used whenever any components of the combination are indicated and other components of the vaccine are not contraindicated and if approved by the Food and Drug Administration for that dose of the series. Providers should consult the respective Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices statement for detailed recommendations, including for high-risk conditions: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/acip-list.htm. Clinically significant adverse events that follow immunization should be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Guidance about how to obtain and complete a VAERS form is available at http://www.vaers.hhs.gov or by telephone, 800-822-7967.
1. Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap).(Minimum age: 10 years for BOOSTRIX® and 11 years for ADACEL™)
Administer at age 11--12 years for those who have completed the recommended childhood DTP/DTaP vaccination series and have not received a tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td) booster dose.
Adolescents aged 13--18 years who missed the 11--12 year Tdap dose or received Td only are encouraged to receive 1 dose of Tdap 5 years after the last Td/DTaP dose.
2. Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV). (Minimum age: 9 years)
Administer the first dose of the HPV vaccine series to females at age 11--12 years.
Administer the second dose 2 months after the first dose and the third dose 6 months after the first dose.
Administer the HPV vaccine series to females at age 13--18 years if not previously vaccinated.
3. Meningococcal vaccine.
Administer meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) at age 11--12 years and at age 13--18 years if not previously vaccinated. Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4) is an acceptable alternative.
Administer MCV4 to previously unvaccinated college freshmen living in dormitories.
MCV4 is recommended for children aged 2--10 years with terminal complement deficiencies or anatomic or functional asplenia and certain other groups at high risk.
Persons who received MPSV4 >3 years previously and remain at increased risk for meningococcal disease should be vaccinated with MCV4.
4. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV).
Administer to certain groups at high risk.
5. Influenza vaccine.
Administer annually to all close contacts of children aged 0--59 months.
Administer annually to person with certain risk factors, health-care workers, and other persons (including household members) in close contact with persons in groups at higher risk.
Administer 2 doses (separated by >4 weeks) to children aged less than 9>
For healthy nonpregnant persons (i.e., those who do not have underlying medical conditions that predispose them to influenza complications) aged 2--49 years, either LAIV or TIV may be used.
6. Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA).
Administer 2 doses in the series at least 6 months apart.
HepA is recommended for certain other groups of children, including in areas where vaccination programs target older children.
7. Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB).
Administer the 3-dose series to those who were not previously vaccinated.
A 2-dose series of Recombivax HB® is licensed for children aged 11--15 years.
8. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV).
For children who received an all-IPV or all-oral poliovirus (OPV) series, a fourth dose is not necessary if the third dose was administered at age >4 years.
If both OPV and IPV were administered as part of a series, a total of 4 doses should be administered, regardless of the child's current age.
9. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR).
If not previously vaccinated, administer 2 doses of MMR during any visit, with >4 weeks between the doses.
10. Varicella vaccine.
Administer 2 doses of varicella vaccine to persons aged less than 13>>28 days after the first dose.
Administer 2 doses of varicella vaccine to persons aged >13 years at least 4 weeks apart.
The Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0--18 Years are approved by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (http://www.cdc.gov/nip/acip), the American Academy of Pediatrics (http://www.aap.org), and the American Academy of Family Physicians (http://www.aafp.org).
TABLE. Catch-up immunization schedule for persons aged 4 months--18 years who start late or who are >1 month behind --- United States, 2008
The table below provides catch-up schedules and minimum intervals between doses for children whose vaccinations have been delayed. A vaccine series does not need to be restarted, regardless of the time that has elapsed between doses. Use the section appropriate for the child's age.
Administer the 3-dose series to those who were not previously vaccinated.
A 2-dose series of Recombivax HB® is licensed for children aged 11--15 years.
2. Rotavirus vaccine (Rota).
Do not start the series later than age 12 weeks.
Administer the final dose in the series by age 32 weeks.
Do not administer a dose later than age 32 weeks.
Data on safety and efficacy outside of these age ranges are insufficient.
3. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP).
The fifth dose is not necessary if the fourth dose was administered at age >4 years.
DTaP is not indicated for persons aged >7 years.
4. Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (Hib).
Vaccine is not generally recommended for children aged >5 years.
If current age less than 12>® or ComVax® [Merck]), the third (and final) dose should be administered at age 12--15 months and at least 8 weeks after the second dose.
If first dose was administered at age 7--11 months, administer 2 doses separated by 4 weeks plus a booster at age 12--15 months.
5. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV).
Administer 1 dose of PCV to all healthy children aged 24--59 months having any incomplete schedule.
For children with underlying medical conditions, administer 2 doses of PCV at least 8 weeks apart if previously received less than 3>
6. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV).
For children who received an all-IPV or all-oral poliovirus (OPV) series, a fourth dose is not necessary if third dose was administered at age >4 years.
If both OPV and IPV were administered as part of a series, a total of 4 doses should be administered, regardless of the child's current age.
IPV is not routinely recommended for persons aged >18 years.
7. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR).
The second dose of MMR is recommended routinely at age 4--6 years but may be administered earlier if desired.
If not previously vaccinated, administer 2 doses of MMR during any visit with >4 weeks between the doses.
8. Varicella vaccine.
The second dose of varicella vaccine is recommended routinely at age 4--6 years but may be administered earlier if desired.
Do not repeat the second dose in persons aged less than 13>>28 days after the first dose.
9. Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA).
HepA is recommended for certain groups of children, including in areas where vaccination programs target older children. See MMWR 2006;55(No. RR-7).
10. Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td) and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap).
Tdap should be substituted for a single dose of Td in the primary catch-up series or as a booster if age appropriate; use Td for other doses.
A 5-year interval from the last Td dose is encouraged when Tdap is used as a booster dose. A booster (fourth) dose is needed if any of the previous doses were administered at age less than 2>MMWR 2006;55(No. RR-3).
11. Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV).
Administer the HPV vaccine series to females at age 13--18 years if not previously vaccinated.
Information about reporting reactions after immunization is available online at http://www.vaers.hhs.gov or by telephone via the 24-hour national toll-free information line 800-822-7967. Suspected cases of vaccine-preventable diseases should be reported to the state or local health department. Additional information, including precautions and contraindications for immunization, is available from the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines or telephone, 800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636).
Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. CDC is not responsible for the content of pages found at these sites. URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of the date of publication.
All MMWR HTML versions of articles are electronic conversions from ASCII text into HTML. This conversion may have resulted in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. Users should not rely on this HTML document, but are referred to the electronic PDF version and/or the original MMWR paper copy for the official text, figures, and tables. An original paper copy of this issue can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9371; telephone: (202) 512-1800. Contact GPO for current prices.
**Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to mmwrq@cdc.gov.
On page Q-2, under Figure 1, in footnote 4, Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (Hib), the second bullet should read:
TriHiBit® (DTaP/Hib) combination products should not be used for primary immunization but can be used as boosters after any Hib vaccine in children aged >12 months.
On page Q-4, in the lower section of the Table titled, Catch-up schedule for persons aged 7--18 years, in row Human Papillomavirus, under column heading Dose 2 to Dose 3, the text should read:
12 weeks (and 24 weeks after the first dose)
Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. CDC is not responsible for the content of pages found at these sites. URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of the date of publication.
Disclaimer All MMWR HTML versions of articles are electronic conversions from ASCII text into HTML. This conversion may have resulted in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. Users should not rely on this HTML document, but are referred to the electronic PDF version and/or the original MMWR paper copy for the official text, figures, and tables. An original paper copy of this issue can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9371; telephone: (202) 512-1800. Contact GPO for current prices.
**Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to mmwrq@cdc.gov.
LONDON (AP) -- The doctor whose research linking autism and the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella influenced millions of parents to refuse the shot for their children was banned Monday from practicing medicine in his native Britain.
Dr. Andrew Wakefield's 1998 study was discredited -- but vaccination rates have never fully recovered and he continues to enjoy a vocal following, helped in the U.S. by endorsements from celebrities like Jim Carrey and Jenny McCarthy
Wakefield was the first researcher to publish a peer-reviewed study suggesting a connection between autism and the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella. Legions of parents abandoned the vaccine, leading to a resurgence of measles in Western countries where it had been mostly stamped out. There are outbreaks across Europe every year and sporadic outbreaks in the U.S.
''That is Andrew Wakefield's legacy,'' said Paul Offit, chief of infectious diseases at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. ''The hospitalizations and deaths of children from measles who could have easily avoided the disease.''
Wakefield's discredited theories had a tremendous impact in the U.S., Offit said, adding: ''He gave heft to the notion that vaccines in general cause autism.''
In Britain, Wakefield's research led to a huge decline in the number of children receiving the MMR vaccine: from 95 percent in 1995 -- enough to prevent measles outbreaks -- to 50 percent in parts of London in the early 2000s. Rates have begun to recover, though not enough to prevent outbreaks. In 2006, a 13-year-old boy became the first person to die from measles in Britain in 14 years.
''The false suggestion of a link between autism and the MMR vaccine has done untold damage to the UK vaccination program,'' said Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. ''Overwhelming scientific evidence shows that it is safe.''
On Monday, Britain's General Medical Council, which licenses and oversees doctors, found Wakefield guilty of serious professional misconduct and stripped him of the right to practice medicine in the U.K. Wakefield said he plans to appeal the ruling, which takes effect within 28 days.
The council was acting on a finding in January that Wakefield and two other doctors showed a ''callous disregard'' for the children in their study, published in 1998 in the medical journal Lancet. The medical body said Wakefield took blood samples from children at his son's birthday party, paying them 5 pounds (about $7.20) each and later joked about the incident.
The study has since been widely rejected. From 1998-2004, studies in journals including the Lancet, the New England Journal of Medicine, Pediatrics and BMJ published papers showing no link between autism and the measles vaccine.
Wakefield moved to the U.S. in 2004 and set up an autism research center in Austin, Texas, where he gained a wide following despite being unlicensed as a doctor there and facing skepticism from the medical community. He quit earlier this year.
Offit said he doubted Britain's decision to strip the 53-year-old Wakefield of his medical license would convince many parents that vaccines are safe.
''He's become almost like a Christ-like figure and it doesn't matter that science has proven him wrong,'' Offit said. ''He is a hero for parents who think no one else is listening to them.''
Wakefield told The Associated Press Monday's decision was a sad day for British medicine. ''None of this alters the fact that vaccines can cause autism,'' he said.
''These parents are not going away; the children are not going to go away and I most certainly am not going away,'' he said on NBC's''Today Show.''
Wakefield claimed the U.S. government has been settling cases of vaccine-induced autism since 1991.
However, two rulings by a special branch of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims in March and last year found no link between vaccines and autism. More than 5,500 claims have been filed by families seeking compensation for children they claim were hurt by the vaccine.
Wakefield has won support from parents suspicious of vaccines, including Hollywood celebrities.
McCarthy, who has an autistic son, issued a statement in February with then boyfriend Carrey asserting Wakefield was ''being vilified through a well-orchestrated smear campaign.''
''It is our most sincere belief that Dr. Wakefield and parents of children with autism around the world are being subjected to a remarkable media campaign engineered by vaccine manufacturers,'' the actors said.
McCarthy, whose best-seller ''Louder Than Words'' details her search for treatments for her son Evan, wrote the foreword for a new book by Wakefield about autism and vaccines.
In Monday's ruling, the medical council said Wakefield abused his position as a doctor and ''brought the medical profession into disrepute.''
At the time of his study, Wakefield was working as a gastroenterologist at London's Royal Free Hospital and did not have approval for the research. The study suggested autistic children had a bowel disease and raised the possibility of a link between autism and vaccines. He had also been paid to advise lawyers representing parents who believed their children had been hurt by the MMR vaccine.
Ten of the study's authors later renounced its conclusions and it was retracted by the Lancet in February.
At least a dozen British medical associations, including the Royal College of Physicians, the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust have issued statements verifying the safety of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine.
This verdict is not about (the measles) vaccine,'' said Adam Finn, a professor of pediatrics at the University of Bristol Medical School. ''We all now know that the vaccine is remarkably safe and enormously effective... We badly need to put this right for the sake of our own children and children worldwide.''
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Associated Press Writer Kelley Shannon contributed to this report from Austin, Texas.
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Online:
Ruling on Wakefield, http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield(underscore)SPM(underscore)and(unders core)SANCTION.pdf(underscore)32595267.pdf
Steve Watson Infowars.net Thursday, Jan 28th, 2010
A scientist with the World Health Organisation has testified, during ongoing hearings in Strasbourg, France, that the swine flu pandemic was part of an overblown “angst campaign”, devised in conjunction with major drug companies to boost profits for vaccine manufacturers.
Professor Ulrich Keil, director of the WHO’s Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology, slammed the organization and its flu chief, Dr Keiji Fukuda while giving evidence before The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE).
“With SARS, with avian flu, always the predictions are wrong…Why don’t we learn from history?” Keil said. “It [swine flu] produced a lot of turmoil in the pubic and was completely exaggerated in contrast with all the really important matters we have to deal with in public health.”
The WHO adviser on heart disease, added that the decision had led to a “gigantic misallocation” of health budgets.
“We know the great killers are hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, high body mass index, physical inactivity and low fruit and vegetable intake,” he said. “In spite of all these facts, governments instead wasted huge amounts of money by investing in pandemic scenarios whose evidence base is weak.”
PACE, a 47 nation body encompassing democratically elected members of parliament, will determine whether a “falsified pandemic” was declared by WHO in June 2009 on the advice of medical advisors, many of whom have close financial ties to the very pharmaceutical giants – GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Novartis, – that produced the H1N1 vaccines.
It will also look into the controversy surrounding the fact that two shots were initially advised when it was later revealed that one dose was entirely suitable, as well as investigating concerns over hastily developed vaccines containing adjuvants.
Pharmaceutical companies are thought to have made a profit of somewhere in the region of $7.5-$10 billion on H1N1 vaccines, recouping the billions they had invested in researching and developing pandemic vaccines after the bird flu scares in 2006 and 2007.
The worldwide death toll from H1N1 is thought to be around 13,500, just over a third of the number who die from regular flu every year in the U.S. alone.
Heading the hearings is the former chairman of the Health Committee of PACE, Dr. Wolfgang Wodarg. A former German lawmaker, a medical doctor and epidemiologist. Wodarg has referred to the swine flu pandemic as “one of the greatest medical scandals of the century.”
Wodarg has pointed out that the WHO softened the definition of a pandemic from an outbreak in several continents at once with an above-average death rate, to one where the spread of the disease is constant.
Just one month after changing the definition, and with just 144 people having died from H1N1, the flu was given the highest threat classification possible, a “stage-six pandemic alert”. By comparison, the mildest 20th Century pandemic killed a million people.
“I have never heard such a worldwide echo to a health political action,” Wodarg, an epidemiologist who formerly led the health committee for the Council of Europe, said at Tuesday’s hearing.
“It was stated in panic- stricken terms that this was a flu that could threaten humanity and a great number of humans could fall ill. This is why billions of dollars of medications were bought.” Wodarg said.
He added that the the change in definition “made it possible for the pharmaceutical industry to transform this opportunity into cash, under contracts which were mainly secret.”
“In my view, the WHO undertook an incomprehensible action, which cannot be justified by scientific evidence. The Council of Europe should investigate this to see how WHO can undertake this kind of dangerous nonsense,” said Dr Wodarg.
WHO’s flu chief, Dr Fukuda, insisted that its swine flu scientists do not have conflicts of interest owing to close links with pharmaceutical companies.
“Let me state clearly for the record – the influenza pandemic policies and responses recommended and taken by WHO were not improperly influenced by the pharmaceutical industry.” Fukuda told the inquiry.
He said those calling the epidemic fake were wrong and irresponsible.
PACE’s findings are expected to be announced January 29 and will likely be followed by an in-depth study and recommendations to European governments.
Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates has pledged $US10 billion ($A11.18 billion) over the next decade to research and deliver vaccines to the world's poorest countries.
Increased vaccination could save more than eight million children by 2020, said the entrepreneur-turned-philanthropist, announcing the commitment on Friday by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation he heads with his wife.
But he added that money was needed and called on governments and the private sector to do more.
"We must make this the decade of vaccines," said Gates at the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos.
"Vaccines already save and improve millions of lives in developing countries.
"Innovation will make it possible to save more children than ever before."
Gates, who is a regular at the annual Swiss ski resort meeting of political and business leaders, called on others to "fill critical financing gaps in both research funding and childhood immunisation programs...
"Increased investment in vaccines by governments and the private sector could help developing countries dramatically reduce child mortality by the end of the decade," said a Foundation statement.
The projections were based on research by experts at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in the United States, on the potential impact of vaccines on childhood deaths over the next 10 years.
By boosting the delivery of vaccines in developing countries to 90 per cent coverage, the experts' model suggested that the lives of 7.6 million under-fives could be saved in the next decade.
An additional 1.1 million youngsters could be saved by rapid introduction of a malaria vaccine in 2014, bringing the total lives saved to 8.7 million.
Melinda Gates, who heads the couple's Foundation with her husband, added: "Vaccines are a miracle - with just a few doses, they can prevent deadly diseases for a lifetime.
"We've made vaccines our number-one priority at the Gates Foundation because we've seen firsthand their incredible impact on children's lives," she added at the annual meeting of political and business leaders in the Swiss ski resort.
Commenting on the announcement, WHO chief Margaret Chan said the Gates' commitment was "unprecedented, but just a small part of what is needed.
"It's absolutely crucial that both governments and the private sector step up efforts to provide life-saving vaccines to children who need them most," she ad
Report by Tetractys Merkaba, Mikiverse, Editor-in-Chief.
This is an interesting story about the Canadian government, vaccinations, millions of dollars, and multinational corporations such as Glaxo Smith-Kline. Hmmm...and they say that something is rotten in the state of Denmark!
This is a fantastic video of a doctor talking logically about the dangers of the flu vaccination shot. This is a must watch video that needs to also be seen by your family, friends, peers and even your enemies. THINK VERY CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU HAVE THIS DANGEROUS VACCINE.
This is an important documentary for you to watch, especially, those of you, who are interested in issues such as Swine Flu vaccinations and vaccinations in general.
Attending a Codex meeting makes me remember Edmund Burke's famous saying, "All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing." Most of the delegates attending these meetings have less than no idea what is actually going on and so, sadly, they do nothing to change the intended outcome of Codex: degredation of the world's food supply. Why? One reason is that the glossly, highly science-like materials and propaganda they are given by Codex (largely from the WHO, FAO, US, EU and Australia), look, to the casual observer, pretty solid. They are not. They are, in fact, glossed up, glossed over junk science. You'll see a perfect example when we get to the "Nutrient Reference Value Upper Daily Intake Limits" from the Institute of Medicine in a little bit. The second reason is that while people in the developing world may revile the political and military activities of the US, they revere, yes, revere, the science of the US. They do not realize that when they stand aside in breathless awe of, for example, Nutrient Reference Values produced by the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) as - hold onto your hats - UPPER LIMITS for DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKE these upper limits: 1. Violate current US law if they were to be enacted since nutrients are to be considered as foods and, as such, may have no upper limits set for them under the 1994 Dietary Supplements Health and Education (DSHEA) legislation, passed by unanimous Congressional assent. 2. Have been set to concur with the limits proposed by CCNFSDU's chair, Dr. Rolf Grossklaus, retiring this year, by the way, for Maximum Permissible Upper Limits on nutrients. These same absurd and dangerously low levels will go into effect in the European Union through its Food Supplements Directive this December 31, 2009. These Upper Intake Limits are so low that they are incapable of even preventing nutrient deficiencies, let alone promoting health. Dr. Schneeman, in what looked to me like a well-scripted performance, allowed as how, although she had not thought about it before (!), since dietary supplements are foods under US law, well, yes it would seem that these Upper Limits would apply to them as well. This is, of course, contrary to US law. But remember that the FDA's Codex game is to ramrod things through Codex that violate US law and then come home and tell the US that we have to go along with it since Codex requires it. If we don't they say, the WTO will sock us with horrific trade sanctions and we don't want to loose that money, do we? That, after all, is precisely how we got fructose in the beverage supply, with its consequence of childhood obesity and diabetes. Nutrient Reference Values are specified for labeling purposes only - at this point. What is expected to happen is that they will first become the standard of international trade (isolating and weakening the US nutrient industry, by the way) and then the national standard of the developing world. Once that happens, you can be sure that they will become the US standard if we do not act now to protect our high potency nutrients. If you take a good, strong multinutrient (a good one requires 6 pills per day to get the proper level of nutrients each day!) check out these Nutrient Reference Value UPPER INTAKE LIMITS. I promise you will be shocked and appalled. Nutrient Reference Values vitamins and minerals (NRVs) are to be used for labeling so that consumers know what their upper limit nutrient intakes should be and what percentage of that intake they are getting in the foods they purchase, no matter where they are from. They are intended for everyone over 36 months of age regardless of state, sex, medical condition, pregnancy, biological absorption capacities, etc. These NRVs were proposed by South Korea: in fact, it came out in the discussion that Australia gave them to SK which had NO idea what they meant or where they came from. The US and Canada were deeply involved in that process, too. Although they are purely for labeling right now, these upper limit values are expected to be adopted by national entities when they have reached Step 8 [final ratifiction], according to the discussion which took place on the floor of the Codex meeting.
Where the Upper Intake Limits have been changed from earlier proposed levels, the original is in parenthesis. Technical note: Codex says "Numerical information on vitamins and minerals should be expressed in metric units and/or as a percentage of the Nutriet Reference Value per 100g or per 100 ml or per package if the package contains only a single portion. In addition, this information may be given per serving as quantified on the lable or per lportion provided that the number of portions contained in the package is stated. This information is contained in Para 3.4.4 of the PROPOSED DRAFT ADDITIONAL REVISED NUTRIENT REFERENCE VALUES FOR LABELLING PURPOSES IN THE CODEX GUIDELINES OF NUTRITION LArevised Nutrient Reference Values for Labelling Purposes in the Codex Guidelines of Nutrietion Labelling at Step 3, Cx/NFSDU 09/31/4 My comments in red - REL Protein (g) (50) [no new value proposed: category eliminated] Vitamin A ug RE (800) 550 Minimum 10,000 for adults Vitamin D (ug) 5 I personally take 10,000 Vitamin E (mg a-TE) 8.8 I take 1800 plus fish oil Vitamin K (ug) 60 I take 1000 Vitamin C 45 I take 6,000 Thiamin (mg) (60) 45 I take 100 Riboflavin (mg) (1.6) 1.2 I take 50 Niacin (mg NE) (18) 15 I take 1000 Vitamin B6 (mg) (2) 1.3 I take 500 (Folic Acid ug 200) Folate (ugDFE) 400 I take 25,000 Vitamin B12 (ug) 2.4 I take 5000 Biotin (ug) 30 I take 8000 Calcium (mg) (800) 1000 I take 1200 Magnesium (mg) (300) 240 I take 1000 Iodine (ug) 150 Iron (mg) % bioavailability 14.3/15% 18.0/12% I take none 21.6/10% 43.1/5% Zinc (mg) % bioavailability 3.6 (high) 6.0 (moderate) 11.9 (low) I take 35 Selenium (Value to be Established) (ug) 30 I take 600 Phosphorus (mg) 700 I take 1000 Chlorine (g) 2.3 I take none Copper (Value to be Established)(ug) 900 Fluoride (mg) 3.5 Tremendously dangerous - no biological requriement for any fluoride. All risk, no benefit Maganese (mg) 2.1 I take 5 Chromium (ug) 30 I take 8000 Molybdenum (ug) 45 I take 70 3. Are supposedly merely for labeling purposes to tell consumers how much of their daily upper intake levels, if they are over 36 months of age, they are getting from whatever it is they are looking at 4. This is the part where it gets dangerous -- These standards will be adopted by countries around the world as their international and domestic limits on nutrients since they will use the Nutrient Reference Value Upper Intake Limits as their guidelines. This was spelled out quite clearly during the meeting and in conversations that I had with delegates at the meeting 5. This is even worse -- they will, I believe, be used by the United States FDA to lower not only intake levels, but set upper limits for nutrients both for international trade and for consumer use. So, once again, Codex junk science will mandate under nutrition for most of the world's people. Those people will include the US if current policy prevails. This is Arrow Number 1 in the genocidal quiver: degrade the food supply in every way possible and mandate such low nutrient values that the levels of cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes and obesity rise to universal cataclysm. By the way, at this Codex meeting I heard plans laid for meetings in 2012, 2013 and beyond. It looks like our speculation that Codex was simply too far behind schedule to be finished by ecember 31, 2009. Whew! That gives us more time for more pushback! Thanks for coming through with the funds to send General Bert and me to this Codex meeting. Next year's CCNFSDU is in Chiled. Maybe you'll be there with us! Yours in health and freedom, Dr. Rima What can you do? Take the Action Items below! Stop the Shot Litigation Report
Three of Our Attorneys Discuss the Stop the Shot Litigation
I was in Washington Thursday for the Federal court hearing on standing for the Stop the Shot case, along with Dr. Paul G. King, Leslie Fourton, Esq. (Dr. Gary Null's lawyer) and Jim Turner, Esq. (Foundation for Health Choice attorney). Judge Reggie Walton did not allow the case to remain in the Federal court at this time. He said that once NY suspended the mandate there was no longer a "case or controversy" under the Federal constitution.
He urged us to participate in the administrative process started by NY to make the mandates permanent and told us we could come back to court if new mandates are enacted.
Further, he did not let us amend the complaint to include the NJ plaintiffs (NJ remains the only state with a flu vaccine mandate, for children under 5) and told us to re-file those claims as a separate case. We are working on that right now... We are looking for NJ parents of kids under 5 who are willing to become plaintiffs in the case. Please contact me at ralph.fucetola@usa.net with "NJ Parent" in subject line if you can help.
Ralph Fucetola JD Natural Solutions Foundation Counsel and Trustee
A One-in-a-Million Shot Flu shot suspected in Redskins cheerleading hopeful's neurological condition By DERRICK WARD and MATTHEW STABLEY Updated 1:42 PM EDT, Wed, Oct 14, 2009
NBCWashington.com
ASHBURN, Va. -- Desiree Jennings thought it would be a good idea to get the seasonal flu shot. Her job offered incentives for it, and she didn't want to get sick.
Ten days after she got the shot at a Reston Safeway, she did get sick.
"I got flu-like symptoms -- nausea, vomiting, body aches, fever -- then was lethargic for a week and started blacking out," said Jennings, an AOL employee and Washington Redskins ambassador hoping to one day be a cheerleader for the team, the Loudoun Times-Mirror reported.
Doctors couldn't figure out why her ability to speak and walk were so adversely affected. She saw neurologists, physical therapists and psychologists.
Redskins Ambassador Has Serious Health Problems After Flu Shot Redskins Ambassador Has Serious Health Problems After Flu Shot WATCH
Redskins Ambassador Has Serious Health Problems After Flu Shot
"I was hoping for Lyme, praying for lupus, even Graves' disease," she said. "Unfortunately they were all ruled out."
Finally, doctors at Johns Hopkins figured it out, diagnosing dystonia, a rare neurological condition with no cure brought on by infections, brain trauma or, as is believed in her case, reaction to medication. It causes body jerks and abnormal or repetitive movements.
"A simple conversation with two people -- you and I could converse on the couch, and if the phone were to ring it would send her into a violent convulsion," said her husband, Brendan Jennings.
Strangely enough -- as she can't walk forward five feet without stumbling -- with some effort, she can perform one of her life's passions: running. And she walks backward with ease -- oddly empowering, now. After her ordeal began, "My insurance wasn't going to pay for another hospital visit. Matter of fact, they called us as we were driving to Johns Hopkins not to offer a specialist but instead to offer a hospital bed and a wheelchair for our house. I told them I wanted to know what was happening to me and that I didn't want to be in a wheelchair."
Her reaction is one in a million, doctors said.
"I would've much rather won the lottery and bought that ticket instead of gotten the flu shot if I knew that risk existed," she said.
H1N1 Swine Flu Vaccine Insert Admits It Causes Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Vasculitis, Paralysis, Anaphylactic Shock And Death Share Wed at 7:31am The package insert for the Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine manufactured by Novartis has been leaked on the Internet. According to that package insert, the vaccine (based on an earlier vaccine product known as Fluvirin) is known to cause a whole host of very nasty side effects such as guillain-barre syndrome, vasculitis, anaphylactic shock and even death. Of course anyone who has been studying vaccine side effects already knows that it causes all of these things, but the story here is that the insert for the swine flu vaccine itself is admitting all of these things. The insert says that it was updated during September 2009, so it reflects the very latest information.You can read the package insert for this vaccine for yourself right here…..
Michael Bending of the Australian Vaccination Network has launched an on-line petition to help prevent mandatory Swine Flu Vaccination shots from becoming mandatory in Australia.
Vaccinations are linked with Autism and other preventable diseases.
As of 11.00 this morning, 1460 concerned Australian's have signed this very important petition, but it very important that this petition goes VIRAL.
Please send it to your on-line friends, and even though it is only available to Australians, your overseas friends can send it to their Australian friends.
This is the prepared petition, that will be sent to every member of the Australian Parliament, including Australian Prime-Minister, Kevin Rudd;
"Dear Member of Parliament,
I wish to express my concern to you with regard to mass vaccination of the Australian public for swine flu, using a vaccine with no long term studies yet potential for dangerous side effects.
There is much talk amongst politicians, medical associations and the media with regards to making this swine flu vaccine mandatory. I do not consent to mandatory vaccination and I wish to point out that my right to do so is protected under informed consent laws relative to each Australian States criminal Acts.
I am very informed as to the risk benefit ratio and the risks far out weigh the perceived benefits.
To put things into perspective, malaria kills 3,000 people every day, and it's considered "a health problem"... But of course, there are no fancy vaccines for malaria that can rake in billions of dollars for drug companies in a short amount of time. For example; Chinese scientists have already found the cure for malaria yet it is not a drug that can be patented by big corporate money. http://www.sbs.com.au/dateline/story/about/id/600026/n/The-Last-Bite
But getting back to the H1N1 issue, one Australian news source, for example, states that even a mild swine flu epidemic could lead to the deaths of 1.4 million people and would reduce economic growth by nearly $5 trillion dollars ( http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,25392380-2,00.html ).
This sounds like the outlandish cries of the pandemic bird-flu, when President Bush said two million Americans would die as a result of the bird flu! Where is the Bird Flu now?
As of August 28th 2009 (update 63) ( http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_08_28/en/index.html ), there have been 2185 deaths world wide from H1N1. Compared to seasonal flu, this does not constitute a pandemic let alone justify mandatory mass vaccination with a vaccine that will have dangerous side effects and little proof of efficacy.
Approximately 36 thousand Americans die from seasonal flu every year, 200 thousand are hospitalised. Between 250 - 500 thousand people die from seasonal flu world wide, also resulting in three to five million cases of severe illness. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en The world wide 2185 deaths from H1N1 virus, does not constitute a pandemic yet alone grounds to begin mandatory vaccination of the Australian public.
Just a couple of months ago, scientists concluded that the 1918 flu pandemic that killed between 50-100 million people worldwide in a matter of 18 months -- which all these worst case scenarios are built upon -- was NOT due to the flu itself! http://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSTRE5146PD20090205?feedType=RSS&feedName=scienceNews&sp=true
Tami Flu, used against seasonal flu, does not work effectively and is not a safe drug. In fact it is not even a vaccine, it is an anti-viral and meant to be administered once someone is infected. It is not a vaccine or a preventative but rather a treatment. Serious side effects include convulsions, delirium or delusions, and 12 deaths in children and teens as a result of neuropsychiatric problems and brain infections Japan actually banned Tami flu for children in 2007. http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2005-11-19-tamiflu_x.htm
In 2007, the FDA in the USA finally began investigating some 1,800 adverse event reports related to the drug. http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2007-11-25-tamiflu-brain_N.htm
In fact the Tami Flu anti viral injection has been found to be almost useless http://www.ahrp.org/cms/content/view/397/27< The risk and dangers compared to perceived benefits of Tami flu are great.
Recently a confidential letter from the United Kingdom Health Protection Agency was sent to about 600 neurologists alerting them to watch for an increase in Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) as a result of the swine flu vaccination. GBS can be fatal as it attacks the nerve lining, causing paralysis and suffocation – as those affected are unable to breath.
The UK Daily Mail reported on the July 29 letter and pointed to a similar U.S. swine flu vaccination used in 1976 when:
* "More people died from the vaccination than from swine flu (25 deaths); * 500 cases of GBS were detected; * the vaccine may have increased the risk of contracting GBS by eight times; * the vaccine was withdrawn after just 10 weeks when the link with GBS became clear; * The U.S. government was forced to pay out 1.3 million dollars to those affected."
So, instead of giving warnings to the people who'll be vaccinated, secret letters were sent to neurologists to keep track of the number of human guinea pigs who contract the dreadful GBS without knowing the risk.
The dangers of using live attenuated viruses in vaccinations can also lead to an out break in flu, just exactly the opposite of what the vaccine was made for. It can actually spread the virus rather than cure it.
The vaccine time below helps illustrates my points.
Vaccine history
• In the USA in 1960, two virologists discovered that both polio vaccines were contaminated with the SV 40 virus which causes cancer in animals as well as changes in human cell tissue cultures. Millions of children had been injected with these vaccines. (Med Jnl of Australia 17/3/1973 p555)
• In 1871-2, England, with 98% of the population aged between 2 and 50 vaccinated against smallpox, it experienced its worst ever smallpox outbreak with 45,000 deaths. During the same period in Germany, with a vaccination rate of 96%, there were over 125,000 deaths from smallpox. ( http://www.soilandhealth.org/02/0201hyglibcat/020119hadwin/020119hadwin.toc.html ) The Hadwen Documents
• In Germany, compulsory mass vaccination against diphtheria commenced in 1940 and by 1945 diphtheria cases were up from 40,000 to 250,000. (Don't Get Stuck, Hannah Allen)
• In 1967, Ghana was declared measles free by the World Health Organisation after 96% of its population was vaccinated. In 1972, Ghana experienced one of its worst measles outbreaks with its highest ever mortality rate. (Dr H Albonico, MMR Vaccine Campaign in Switzerland, March 1990)
• In 1977, Dr Jonas Salk who developed the first polio vaccine, testified along with other scientists, that mass inoculation against polio was the cause of most polio cases throughout the USA since 1961. (Science 4/4/77 "Abstracts" )
• In the UK between 1970 and 1990, over 200,000 cases of whooping cough occurred in fully vaccinated children. (Community Disease Surveillance Centre, UK)
• In the 1970's a tuberculosis vaccine trial in India involving 260,000 people revealed that more cases of TB occurred in the vaccinated than the unvaccinated. (The Lancet 12/1/80 p73)
In 1976 mass vaccination of Swine flu begain in the USA. Within a few months, claims totaling $1.3 billion had been filed by victims who had suffered paralysis from the vaccine. The vaccine was also blamed for 25 deaths. However, several hundred people developed crippling Guillain-Barré Syndrome after they were injected with the swine flu vaccine. Even healthy 20-year-olds ended up as paraplegics. And the swine flu pandemic itself? It never materialized. ( http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2009/04/29/Swine-Flu.aspx )
• In 1978, a survey of 30 States in the US revealed that more than half of the children who contracted measles had been adequately vaccinated. (The People's Doctor, Dr R Mendelsohn)
• The February 1981 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association found that 90% of obstetricians and 66% of pediatricians refused to take the rubella vaccine.
• In 1979, Sweden abandoned the whooping cough vaccine due to its ineffectiveness. Out of 5,140 cases in 1978, it was found that 84% had been vaccinated three times! (BMJ 283:696-697, 1981)
• In the USA, the cost of a single DPT shot had risen from 11 cents in 1982 to $11.40 in 1987. The manufacturers of the vaccine were putting aside $8 per shot to cover legal costs and damages they were paying out to parents of brain damaged children and children who died after vaccination. (The Vine, Issue 7, January 1994, Nambour, Qld)
Please do not introduce mandatory vaccination upon the Australian people.
Yours sincerely "
PLEASE HELP GET THE MESSAGE OUT ON THIS MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE
